Settlements from excavation
Tunnel excavation causes stresses to the
ground that may result in settlements.
The effect of settlements is hazardous
not only to nearby buildings and structures but also to the people working
inside the tunnel. The answer to these
challenges is pre-support, a method of
pre-reinforcing the formation ahead of
the tunnel face to ensure that the excavation can proceed safely until heavier
and permanent support structures has
been installed.
Pre-support increases stability
The principles of pipe roofing
In implementing the method, steel pipes
are installed ahead of the tunnel face
arranged like an umbrella or canopy
around the excavation line. The umbrella stabilizes and protects the ceiling
and face of the tunnel by increasing the
load bearing capacity of the ground.
Thanks to the rigidity of the steel pipes,
distribution of loads will be improved
and the critical spot will be moved
further ahead of the working fac
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